Elizabeth had died in childbirth, so Henry had the dispensation also permit him to marry Catherine himself. An easy read? Warbeck was finally captured in 1497 and executed. His father, Henry VII, was a cold, calculating man (he wasn't called "the Winter King" for nothing), a greedy monarch who during his last years on the throne had squeezed every last drop. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. [4] Owen is said to have secretly married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of Valois. [15], By 1483, Henry's mother was actively promoting him as an alternative to Richard III, despite her being married to Lord Stanley, a Yorkist. Some of it is due to his personality--he played his cards close to the vest, unlike his son--and some of it is due to Tudor spin--they were, after all trying to bolster up the royal credentials for a man who didn't have that many. Henry VIII was the first English king to be called "Your Majesty.". Several of Richard's key allies, such as Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and also Lord Stanley and his brother William, crucially switched sides or left the battlefield. 3.5 Stars. Old rivalries simmered, however. He spent his entire reign fixated on eliminating or disarming his enemies, and stabilizing England after the bloody, seemingly endless War of the Roses. Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. Alison Weir points out that the Rennes ceremony, two years earlier, was plausible only if Henry and his supporters were certain that the Princes were already dead. During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. He made huge gobs of money binding his subjects to him with loyalty bonds. Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. Dydd Gyl Dewi Hapus! He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. Stanley placed Richards circlet on Henrys head, he was now King. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. Thank you for subscribing. Elizabeth married Henry after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. He likens the beginning of Henry VIIIs reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. After winning the throne of England, he wed Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of the dead Yorkist king Edward IV. Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. This is why he named the book the "Winter King". He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. Up to a point, he succeeded. It was not until 1506, when he imprisoned Suffolk in the Tower of London, that Henry could at last feel safe. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. Henry VII, also called (1457-85) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (1485-1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. His spies and informers were everywhere. Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. MP3 CD. After the Holy Roman Emperor . His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. [20] He amassed an army of about 5,0006,000 soldiers. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. Please check your email to confirm your subscription. He rewrote history by backdating his reign to 21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. Why is this ambitious? [citation needed], Henry's most successful diplomatic achievement as regards the economy was the Magnus Intercursus ("great agreement") of 1496. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. Watch with Prime The marriage between Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon would be the culmination of everything that Henry VII had fought for at the Battle of Bosworth, so in 1501 there was a fortnight of marriage celebrations and London was in a carnival mood. Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard IIIs chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. Effectively an orphan, he had spent wretched years as a fugitive in Brittany. [12], Henry lived in the Herbert household until 1469, when Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), went over to the Lancastrians. You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. [citation needed], In 1502, Henry VII's life took a difficult and personal turn in which many people he was close to died in quick succession. He was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Henry gained the support of the Woodvilles, in-laws of the late Edward IV, and sailed with a small French and Scottish force, landing at Mill Bay near Dale, Pembrokeshire. Thanks largely to the desertion of his stepfather, Lord Stanley, to him, he defeated and slew Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485. There were too many powerful noblemen and, as a consequence of the system of so-called bastard feudalism, each had what amounted to private armies of indentured retainers (mercenaries masquerading as servants). Claire is going live on YouTube on 11 February! Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen. [citation needed] John Cabot, originally from Genoa and Venice, had heard that ships from Bristol had discovered uncharted new found territory far west of Ireland. Blair Worden's The English Civil Wars is published by Phoenix. The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. I have to admit to being a history geek. [68] In 1505 he was sufficiently interested in a potential marriage to Joanna of Naples that he sent ambassadors to Naples to report on the 27-year-old Joanna's physical suitability. His legacy was his son, Henry VIII, lucky old England Penn commented. As we know, Henry VII was true to his word, married Elizabeth and they founded the Tudor dynasty between them. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. Corrections? So 4 stars. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website.
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